Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 洵

Modern (Beijing) reading: xún

Preclassic Old Chinese: swhin

Classic Old Chinese: sw̥in

Western Han Chinese: sw̥jǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: sjwǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjwin

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjwin

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjwin

Middle Chinese: sjwin

English meaning : be sincere; certainly

Russian meaning[s]: 1) водоворот, бурлящая вода; 2) в самом деле, действительно; 3) далекий, отдаленный; 4) лить слезы; 5) сокр. р. Сюньхэ (в провинции Шэньси)

Comments: Also considered to be read *sw(h)īn, MC xwien 'to be far away' (thus in Shi 31,5). In the meaning "sincere" more often written as 恂.

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 4338

Karlgren code: 0392 l

Shijing occurrences: 31.5_, 42.3

Character: 洎

Modern (Beijing) reading: jì

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мыть котел; полоскать; 2) мясной сок; 3) достигнуть; до; к тому времени, как...

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 1711

Character: 洫

Modern (Beijing) reading: xù

Preclassic Old Chinese: swhit

Classic Old Chinese: sw̥it

Western Han Chinese: sw̥jǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: sjwǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjwit

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjwit

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjwit

Middle Chinese: xwɨk

English meaning : moat

Russian meaning[s]: 1) канава, арык; 2) городской ров; 3) шлюз

Comments: The word presents some phonetic problems: it must have been originally read *swhik, with a regular development into Early Zhou *swhit - whence the attested Shijing rhyme with 匹; MC xwɨk thus reflects an unexpected dialectal archaism.

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 737

Karlgren code: 0410 d, 930 a

Character: 炫

Modern (Beijing) reading: xuàn

Russian meaning[s]: 1) яркий; светящийся; сияющий; ослеплять; 2) хвастаться, кичиться, вм. 衒

Radical: 86

Four-angle index: 8688

Character: 為

Modern (Beijing) reading: wéi wèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: waj

Classic Old Chinese: waj

Western Han Chinese: waj

Eastern Han Chinese: we

Early Postclassic Chinese: we

Middle Postclassic Chinese: we

Late Postclassic Chinese: we

Middle Chinese: we

English meaning : to act as, be; make, do

Russian meaning[s]: 1) делать; производить; 2) делаться, становиться, быть, являться; глагольная связка есть, это; 3) полагать, считать; 4) после сказуемого или дополнения: в качестве; часто не переводится совсем, последующее дополнение ставится в творительном падеже; 5) сфабриковать, подделать; 6) излечить, вылечить; 7) древн. заставить, побудить, вм. 使; 8) древн. если; 9) древн. выделяет сказуемое, вм. 而; 10) древн. только, вм. 惟; 11) Вэй (фамилия); [wèi] 1) помогать; 2) говорить, вм. 謂; 3) в будущем; вот-вот, вм. 將; 4) ради, для, за; 5) по причине, из-за; в целях; 6) в пассивных построениях, вспомогательный глагол быть; 7) древн. вводит косвенное дополнение, переводимое дательным падежом

Shuowen gloss: 母猴也.其為禽好爪.下腹為母猴形.王育曰.爪象形也.古文為.象兩母猴相對形. [113]

Comments: An *-s-derivate from the word is OC *waj-s, MC wè (FQ 于偽), Pek. wèi 'for, on behalf', Viet. vì, vị. For initial *w- cf. Min forms: MC we - Xiamen, Chaozhou, Fuzhou ui²; MC wè - Xiamen ui⁶, Fuzhou oi⁶, Jianou üɛ⁶.

Shuowen defines the character as "female monkey". Although this word is not attested in literature, it may be compared to PST *qʷăj reflected in Kach. (D) woi 'monkey'; Moshang vi-sil; Rawang ǝwɛ; Trung a-koi; Kadu kwe id. (STC No 314 *(b)woy; dubious are Mikir ki-pi and Miri si-be).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 86

Four-angle index: 4417

Karlgren code: 0027 a-e

Vietnamese reading: vi

Shijing occurrences: 2.2, 35.5, 36.1, 36.2, 40.1_, 40.2_, 40.3_, 42.3, 49.1, 49.2, 52.1_, 55.3, 58.1, 58.5

Character: 炳

Modern (Beijing) reading: bǐng

Preclassic Old Chinese: praŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: práŋ

Western Han Chinese: práŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: préŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: péŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: péŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: péŋ

Middle Chinese: pä́iŋ

English meaning : bright, clear

Russian meaning[s]: 1) светлый; яркий; ослепительный; 2) ясный, очевидный, понятный

Comments: Attested already in Yijing, but absent from Schüssler's dictionary.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 86

Four-angle index: 3953

Karlgren code: 0757 i

Go-on: hiyau

Kan-on: hei

Japanese reading: hei;hyō;akiraka

Character: 炬

Modern (Beijing) reading: jù

Russian meaning[s]: 1) факел; 2) сигнальный костер (на сторожевых башнях)

Radical: 86

Four-angle index: 832

Character: 炯

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiǒng

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷēŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: kwḗŋ

Western Han Chinese: kwḗŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: kwiḗŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwiḗŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwiḗŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwiḗŋ

Middle Chinese: kwíeŋ

English meaning : bright [L.Zhou]

Comments: Also read *gʷēŋʔ, MC ɣwíeŋ (FQ 戶頂) id.

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Go-on: kiyau

Kan-on: kuwei

Japanese reading: kei;kyō;gyō;akiraka

Character: 炭

Modern (Beijing) reading: tàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: thārs (~ -ns)

Classic Old Chinese: thānh

Western Han Chinese: thānh

Eastern Han Chinese: thānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: thā̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thā̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: thā̀n

Middle Chinese: thần

English meaning : coal, charcoal [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) древесный уголь; уголь; 2) хим. углерод (C)

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is thán.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 86

Four-angle index: 5475

Karlgren code: 0151 a

Vietnamese reading: than

Character: 炸

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhà

English meaning : to fry on strong fire

Russian meaning[s]: 1) взрывать(ся); взрывчатый; 2) вспылить; [zhá] жарить (в масле)

Comments: A very recent character (attested only since Ming, and having no MC readings); also read Pek. zhà 'to burst on fire'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 86

Four-angle index: 2037

Go-on: siyaku

Kan-on: saku

Japanese reading: saku;shaku;hajikeru;ageru

Character: 炮

Modern (Beijing) reading: páo pào

Preclassic Old Chinese: phrūs bhrū

Classic Old Chinese: phrūh

Western Han Chinese: phrǝ̄wh

Eastern Han Chinese: phrǝ̄wh

Early Postclassic Chinese: phǝ̣̄̀w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phạ̄̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: phạ̄̀w

Middle Chinese: phạ̀w bạw

English meaning : to roast

Russian meaning[s]: жечь; жарить; выпаривать на огне; [pào] пушка, вм. 砲; [bāo] томить, тушить (мясо)

Comments: Related to 烰 *bh(r)u 'to roast; to steam' (where *bh- is corroborated by Fuzhou phu², pheu²). Also used in 炮** *bhrū-xrū 'be shouting and brawling'. Read also *phrū-s, MC phạ̀w (FQ 匹貌) id.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 86

Four-angle index: 7111

Karlgren code: 1113 g

Jianchuan Bai: phao6

Dali Bai: pho6

Bijiang Bai: pho6

Character: 炤

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhaò

English meaning : be brilliant, visible; to shine

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 爰

Modern (Beijing) reading: yuán

Preclassic Old Chinese: wan

Classic Old Chinese: wan

Western Han Chinese: wan

Eastern Han Chinese: wan

Early Postclassic Chinese: wan

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wǝn

Late Postclassic Chinese: wǝn

Middle Chinese: wǝn

English meaning : (in it, to it): there, then

Russian meaning[s]: 1) отсюда, поэтому; 2) изменять; 3) так вот; и так (в древних текстах); 4) Юань (фамилия)

Comments: Replaces 于之; also used for homonymous *wan 'alas'; *wan 'be slow'; sometimes written instead of 援 *wan 'to lift, encourage'. Etymology see under 于.

Radical: 87

Four-angle index: 5971

Karlgren code: 0255 a-c

Shijing occurrences: 31.3, 32.3, 48.1, 48.2, 48.3, 50.1

Character: 牲

Modern (Beijing) reading: shēng

Preclassic Old Chinese: shreŋ

Classic Old Chinese: shreŋ

Western Han Chinese: ṣheŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ṣheŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṣheŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṣheŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṣheŋ

Middle Chinese: ṣạ̈iŋ

English meaning : a sacrificial victim

Russian meaning[s]: 1) скот; животное; 2) жертвенное животное

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 93

Four-angle index: 389

Karlgren code: 0812 e-f

Character: 牯

Modern (Beijing) reading: gǔ

Russian meaning[s]: бык; вол; стар. корова

Radical: 93

Four-angle index: 1278

Character: 牴

Modern (Beijing) reading: ďi

Preclassic Old Chinese: tǝ̄jʔ

Classic Old Chinese: tǝ̄́j

Western Han Chinese: tǝ̄́j

Eastern Han Chinese: tǝ̄́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄́j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄́j

Late Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄́j

Middle Chinese: tíej

English meaning : to butt each other (of oxen) [Han]

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 狩

Modern (Beijing) reading: shòu

Preclassic Old Chinese: tuʔs

Classic Old Chinese: tuh

Western Han Chinese: tǝwh

Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝwh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćǝ̀w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćǝ̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćǝ̀w

Middle Chinese: śǝ̀w

English meaning : to hunt

Russian meaning[s]: 1) зимняя охота; охотиться; 2) ист. объезд императором удельных князей

Radical: 94

Four-angle index: 3186

Karlgren code: 1099 c

Character: 狠

Modern (Beijing) reading: hěn

Russian meaning[s]: 1) свирепый, жестокий; сердитый; жадный; 2) не подчиняться; непослушный; непокорный; 3) противиться; спорить; пререкаться; 4) очень, весьма, крайне, см. 很

Radical: 94

Four-angle index: 5768

Character: 狡

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: krāwʔ

Classic Old Chinese: krā́w

Western Han Chinese: krā́w

Eastern Han Chinese: krā́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄́w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄́w

Middle Chinese: kạ́w

English meaning : be artful, crafty

Russian meaning[s]: 1) хитрый; ловкий; коварный; 2) неистовый; 3) красивый, но лживый; порочный, но привлекательный

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 94

Four-angle index: 6383

Karlgren code: 1166 j

Character: 玷

Modern (Beijing) reading: diàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: tēmʔ

Classic Old Chinese: tḗm

Western Han Chinese: tjā́m

Eastern Han Chinese: tiā́m

Early Postclassic Chinese: tiḗm

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tiḗm

Late Postclassic Chinese: tiḗm

Middle Chinese: tíem

English meaning : flaw, defect

Russian meaning[s]: 1) изъян; недостаток, порок; 2) стыд, позор

Comments: Also read *tēmʔ-s, MC tìem id.

Radical: 96

Four-angle index: 1247

Karlgren code: 0618 l-m